近日，美国《纽约时报》记者实地走访北京，沉浸式感受中国人工智能落地的真实生态。    NEW YORK -- The yield on the 10-year Treasury has reached 5% for the first time since 2007. That matters for everyone, not just Wall Street. Treasury yields have been climbing rapidly, with the 10-year yield rallying from less than 3.50% during the spring and from just 0.50% early in the pandemic. Monday morning, the yield on the 10-year Treasury was at 4.96% after hitting 5.02% earlier. The jump means the U.S. government must pay more to borrow money from investors to cover its spending.It also directly affects people around the world, because the 10-year Treasury yield is the centerpiece of the global financial system and helps set prices for all kinds of other loans and investments. Besides making it more expensive for U.S. homebuyers to buy a house with a mortgage, higher yields also put downward pressure on prices for everything from stocks to cryptocurrencies. Eventually, they could help cause companies to lay off more workers. Higher yields mark a sharp turnaround for a generation of consumers and investors who have known pretty much just low yields, as central banks kept benchmark interest rates pinned at nearly zero. Such low rates let people borrow money more easily, which helped economies to strengthen following the 2008 financial crisis, the European debt crisis and other maladies including, most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic. The low rates led to rising prices for houses, stocks and other investments, but they may also have encouraged too much risk-taking and spurred investment bubbles.Now, central banks are more concerned with getting high inflation under control. To do that, they raise interest rates and hope the higher costs to borrow will starve inflation of its fuel by bringing down spending. The Fed's main interest rate affects extremely short-term loans, those that banks charge overnight. The Fed has already pulled its federal funds rate to the highest level since 2001, and it's debating whether to hike it one more time. Either way, it's signaled plans to keep rates high for a while to successfully suffocate inflation. The 10-year Treasury yield has been catching up to the Fed's main interest rate after a string of reports has shown the U.S. economy remains remarkably resilient. While that calms worries about a possible recession caused by high rates, it could also keep upward pressure on inflation and shorter-term rates. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said Thursday that many other factors could be contributing to the swift rise in the 10-year Treasury yield. They include the U.S. government's big deficits, which require more federal borrowing, and the Fed's ongoing efforts to reduce its trove of bond investments built earlier to keep yields low. On the wonkier side, bond prices have also been falling in tandem with stock prices more often than they used to. That's unnerving for investors who usually see bonds as the safer part of their portfolios, and it could be pushing them to demand higher yields to own them.The rise in the 10-year Treasury yield most directly means the U.S. government has to pay more to borrow money for 10 years. But because the 10-year yield is the reference point for financial markets, it also quickly filters out into all kinds of loans. Even for companies with the best credit ratings, the interest rates they borrow at are set by adding some extra on top of whatever the U.S. government is paying for its Treasurys. Borrowers with worse credit ratings have to pay more extra than those seen as good bets to repay their debts.More expensive borrowing keep U.S. households from spending as much and companies from expanding as much, which should eventually hit overall U.S. economic activity. More immediately, because a 10-year Treasury is seen as one of the safest possible investments on the planet, its yield swiftly sways prices for all kinds of investments. When a super-safe Treasury is paying much more in interest, investors feel less need to pay high prices for a Big Tech stocks, cryptocurrency or other investment that carries more risk. It's a big reason the S&P 500 has seen its gain for the year so far tumble from 19.5% at the end of July to 10% as of Friday. Higher U.S. yields also attract more investments from abroad, which means investors are increasingly swapping their currencies for U.S. dollars. Since the end of July, the U.S. dollar has climbed roughly 4% against the euro, 5% against the British pound and 6% against the Australian dollar. While a stronger dollar helps U.S. tourists buy more stuff when they're abroad, it can also add financial pressure and heighten inflation for other countries, particularly in the developing world. Even for U.S. bond investors, the swift rise in bond yields has brought losses of their own. When new bonds are paying higher yields, it makes the older, lower-yielding bonds already sitting in investors' portfolios or mutual funds less attractive and knocks down their price.The largest U.S. bond mutual fund has lost roughly 3% so far in 2023 and is on track for a third straight yearly loss. That's never happened since its birth in 1987.。

B | 该媒体21日刊发报道称，如今行走在北京街头，各类人工智能应用随处可见。

C | 记者以通勤出行、城市休闲、逛街购物为切入点，通过多场景实地体验，记录下人工智能融入民众日常生活的真实图景。工作日晚高峰的城市街头，是观察民用AI落地的绝佳窗口。

D | 手机一键叫车，便可在附近路口等候车辆抵达。抬眼望去，街边布设的设备可抓拍横穿马路的闯红灯行人，辅助交警维护路面通行秩序。穿过马路，呼叫的网约车已经就位。智能汽车的快速普及，是交通智能化最直观的体现。

E | 当下国产车型普遍搭载智能交互系统，语音控车、智能导航、自动辅助驾驶等功能走入千家万户，大幅提升出行便捷度。报道提到，美国企业往往聚焦聊天机器人，而中国政府和企业协同发力，推动人工智能落地工厂、医院、校园、商超等实体民生场景，以应对人口老龄化等现实挑战。走在北京街头，可以见到不少AI智能垃圾桶，它可对垃圾进行扫描识别，区分普通垃圾与可回收物，引导市民分类投放。机器人值守便利店也是常见的智能场景。无人零售依托AI技术实现自助购物、机器人售货，是新零售模式的创新尝试。在日常逛街购物时，如果看中街边服饰无需进店选购，通过电商平台拍照识图，即可一键匹配同款商品，还能借助AI生成穿搭效果、智能推荐搭配方案。与此同时，“AI标签”已然成为消费市场的流量密码。各大商场内，AI手机、AI笔记本、智能穿戴设备等品类占据核心展区，各式各样的人工智能机器人吸引人们驻足观看。从售价数百美元的熊猫智能机器人，到数千美元的高端人形家用机器人，产品品类十分丰富。《纽约时报》称，在中国，人工智能无处不在，它正以许多不易察觉的方式改变中国人的日常生活。

F | 在实体经济领域，AI自动化技术持续提升工厂生产效率，助力制造业转型升级；在民生服务领域，AI家教、智能问诊等普惠服务，依托海量医疗病例、教育数据，有效填补基层资源缺口，缩小城乡、区域教育医疗资源差距，让优质公共服务惠及更多人群。报道认为，中国这场人工智能探索最终走向何方，目前尚且无法下定论，但答案很快就会揭晓。